Objectives

The purpose of this course is to provide a better understanding of the working of oil & gas storage facilities and terminals in terms of operations for receiving, processing and loading crude.

Contents

EQUIPMENT

STORAGE FACILITIES AND TERMINALS

1. OBJECTIVES

2. FUNCTIONS OF AN OIL TERMINAL THE OIL TERMINAL

2.2. PRINCIPAL FUNCTIONS

2.2.1. Receiving crude

2.2.2. Crude processing

2.2.2.1. Chemical Treatment

2.2.2.2. Mechanical treatment

2.2.2.3. Treatment operating parameters

2.2.3. Storage of crude

2.2.4. Shipment of crude 2.2.4.1. Loading crude

2.2.4.2. Delivery to refinery by pipe-line

2.2.5. Metering of crude at the terminal

3. STORAGE

3.1. ONSHORE STORAGE TANKS

3.1.1. Fixed-roof tanks

3.1.2. Floating-roof tanks .

3.2. FPSO AND FSO .

24 3.2.1. Tanks

25 3.2.1.1. Tank functions

3.2.1.2. Structure of tanks

3.2.1.3. Tank Closed Measurement system

3.2.2. Transfer pumps

3.2.3. Tank protection

3.2.3.1. Inert gas

3.2.3.2. Overpressure and negative pressure

3.2.3.3. Washing

3.2.4. The turret

3.3. LNG STORAGE

3.4. MEASUREMENTS AND PARAMETERS FOR ONSHORE TANKS 36 3.4.1. Definitions .

3.4.2. Level measurement 3.4.2.1. Equipment

3.4.2.2. Procedures

3.4.2.3. Measurement of interface level with water detection weight if free water height < 25 cm

3.4.2.4. Measurement with normal tape and weight if free water height > 25 cm

3.4.2.5. Water detection compounds

3.4.3. Measurement of temperature with sampling bottle

3.4.3.1. Procedure

3.4.3.2. Method of measurement using samples from tank:

4.1. THE PLAYERS IN A SHIPMENT OF CRUDE

4.1.1. The Terminal Crew

4.1.2. The Tanker Crew

4.1.2.1. The terminal pilot

4.1.2.2. The loading master

4.1.2.3. Coasting pilots

4.1.2.4. Inspectors.

4.1.2.5. Customs and other authorities

4.2. FPSO LOADING SYSTEM

4.2.1. Buoys for deep waters .

4.3. LNG TERMINAL

4.4. LOADING ARMS

4.5. TANKERS

 60 4.5.1. Different types of tanker

4.5.2. Methane carriers

3.5. SAMPLES

43 3.5.1. Definitions

3.5.2. Equipment

3.5.3. Procedure

4. SHIPMENT

4.6. LOADING

63 4.6.1. Loading programme

4.6.2. Preparation before loading

4.6.2.1. Administrative procedures

4.6.2.2. Other preparations

4.6.2.3. Offloading/loading Plan

4.6.3. Start of loading

4.6.4. End of loading

4.6.5. Lay time

4.6.5.1. Definition

4.6.5.2. Lay time and demurrage

4.6.5.3. Increase in lay time

4.6.5.4. Time not counted

4.6.5.5. Time sheet

4.6.6. Oil documents

4.6.7. Closure of oil loading

5.1. THE METERING STAND

5.1.1. Description of a typical metering stand

5.1.2. Typical example of a metering stand

5. METERING